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  • Math Homework Help: A Guide to the Best AI Math Solver of 2025
    by Casey Allen on December 1, 2024 at 4:20 am

    About a quarter of the average college student's courseload is general education requirements. While these are graduation requirements, they also are usually time-wasters. They're challenging and stressful... but luckily, help is available. If you're looking for quick math homework help, an online AI math solver can bring your grades up quickly and effectively. Read on to The post Math Homework Help: A Guide to the Best AI Math Solver of 2025 first appeared on SquareCirclez. Related posts: 5 Best Free Math Problem Solvers Math problems allow students to learn new concepts and strengthen... My dilemma - ethical math help Is there a difference between paying someone to do... Buyer’s Guide: TI-84 Graphing Calculator Math classes can be daunting. From a young age, I... Curriculum Webs - more homework needed "Weaving the Web into Teaching and Learning" Cunningham, C and...

  • 5 Best Free Math Problem Solvers
    by Casey Allen on June 6, 2023 at 3:43 am

    Math problems allow students to learn new concepts and strengthen problem-solving skills. But many learners feel confused or frustrated if they can’t find the correct solution. A math problem solver is a handy tool that helps students doublecheck their work and identify errors. However, not all math problem solvers are created equal. Here are the The post 5 Best Free Math Problem Solvers first appeared on SquareCirclez. Related posts: Microsoft Math 3.0 Review MS Math 3.0 is a well-designed computer-based math tool.... Free math software downloads Wanting to use some math software but find it’s too... GraphSketch.com - free online math grapher GraphSketch is a free offering that allows the user to... Context Free math-based art Context Free is software you can use to produce some...

  • Reviewing Six Online Math Tutoring Services - What’s the Best?
    by Hugo Pegley on June 22, 2022 at 4:00 am

    Math is an exciting field of study that can lead to a variety of exciting careers or research projects. But if you're a student having difficulty with the topic, you might be thinking about enrolling in an online math tutoring program.  This is a great way for you to get assistance in a format and The post Reviewing Six Online Math Tutoring Services - What’s the Best? first appeared on SquareCirclez. Related posts: How to Pick A Live Math Chat Tutoring Service If you’re looking for a live math tutor, you are... How Much Does an Online Math Tutor Cost? Across the world, math is the key to understanding many... Online Algebra Math Tutor Many private and public high schools and colleges require students... Best Online Calculus Math Tutor: How to Choose Calculus and math require tremendous background information, practice, and good...

  • Picking the Best Online Precalculus Math Tutor
    by Hugo Pegley on June 22, 2022 at 3:55 am

    Students who want to go on to study math, science, engineering, and other disciplines in college, usually find that their chosen college values some prior knowledge of calculus. An online precalculus math tutor could be the answer. High schools commonly offer precalculus courses in the 11th grade before introducing calculus in the 12th. Precalculus is The post Picking the Best Online Precalculus Math Tutor first appeared on SquareCirclez. Related posts: How Much Does an Online Math Tutor Cost? Across the world, math is the key to understanding many... Best Online Calculus Math Tutor: How to Choose Calculus and math require tremendous background information, practice, and good... Online Algebra Math Tutor Many private and public high schools and colleges require students... Reviewing Six Online Math Tutoring Services - What’s the Best? Math is an exciting field of study that can lead...

  • How Much Does an Online Math Tutor Cost?
    by Hugo Pegley on June 15, 2022 at 4:17 am

    Across the world, math is the key to understanding many complex subject matters. It is also imperative that a student does not fall behind, as math typically builds on previous concepts. So, it is no secret that many typical high school and college students struggle in math classes. Due to this fact, skilled math tutors The post How Much Does an Online Math Tutor Cost? first appeared on SquareCirclez. Related posts: Online Algebra Math Tutor Many private and public high schools and colleges require students... Best Online Calculus Math Tutor: How to Choose Calculus and math require tremendous background information, practice, and good... How to Choose a Math Tutor Are you in need of mathematics support, or do you... How to Pick A Live Math Chat Tutoring Service If you’re looking for a live math tutor, you are...


Recent Questions - Mathematics Stack Exchange most recent 30 from math.stackexchange.com

  • Failure of coend formula for left kan extension
    by L. E. on April 26, 2025 at 4:52 am

    There's a definition of the left kan extension of $F : C \to D$ by $I : C \to E$ as the coend$$e : E \mapsto \int^{c : C} E(I(c), e) \otimes F(c)$$where $\otimes$ is the copower in the base of enrichment $\mathcal{V}$. Okay, so set: $C := \mathrm{Ab}.$ $D := \mathrm{Ab}.$ $E := \mathrm{Set}.$ $\mathcal{V} := \mathrm{Set}.$ $I$ the forgetful functor $\mathrm{Ab} \to \mathrm{Set}.$ $F$ the identity of $\mathrm{Ab}$. The left kan extension of $I$ by $F$ should then be the left adjoint of $I$, aka the free abelian group functor. Let's check its image on a singleton set $1$:$$\int^{c : \mathrm{Ab}}\mathrm{Set}(I(c), 1) \otimes c.$$Because $1$ is the terminal object, the left hand side is always $1$, so this should just be $$\int^{c:\mathrm{Ab}} c.$$Now I think this is the trivial group $C_1$, but in any case it's definitely not the infinite cyclic group (free abelian group in one generator), right? What's going on?

  • In the equation of the line what is the proof that $\frac{|C|}{\sqrt{A^2 + B^2}} = p$
    by Software Carpenter on April 26, 2025 at 4:42 am

    My book tells me that in order to convert a standard equation of a line into its normal form, we need to divide it by $\sqrt{A^2 + B^2}$. But why? What is even more amazing is that: $$\frac{|C|}{\sqrt{A^2 + B^2}} = p$$ and p is the distance of the line from the origin? How? I need a step by step proof for that and the book doesn't give any.

  • Show that $V_\alpha(g(L))=g(V_\alpha(L))$ for non-decreasing, left continuous $g$
    by zaira on April 26, 2025 at 4:27 am

    Result. If $g:\mathbb R\rightarrow\mathbb R$ is non-decreasing and left continuous, then $$V_\alpha(g(L))=g(V_\alpha(L))$$ for all $\alpha\in[0,1]$ where, $V_\alpha(L)$ is the value at risk of loss function $L$ at level $\alpha$ i.e., $$V_\alpha(L)=\inf\{x: P(L\le x)\ge\alpha\}.$$ Proof. We have $V_\alpha(L)=\inf\{x:P(L\le x)\ge\alpha\}$. Applying $g$ on both sides, we get $g(V_\alpha(L))\\ =g(\inf\{x:P(L\le x)\ge\alpha\})\\ =\inf\{g(x):P(L\le x)\ge\alpha\}\qquad\qquad\text{since }g\text{ is non-decreasing}\\ =\inf\{g(x):P(g(L)\le g(x))\ge\alpha\}\qquad\text{since }g\text{ is non-decreasing}\\ =\inf\{x:P(g(L)\le x)\ge\alpha\}\\ =V_\alpha(g(L))$ What I am unsure about are my justifications for each step. Moreover, the fact that $g$ is left-continuous is not being used anywhere, is it? Hints are appreciated!

  • For $n\in\mathbb{N}$, is there a bijection between $\{(a,b)\in\mathbb{N}^2:\frac{ab}{a+b}=n\}$ and $\{(a',b')\in\mathbb{N}^2:a'b'|n,\gcd(a',b')=1\}$?
    by akj on April 26, 2025 at 4:22 am

    I recently saw here that to create positive integers $a$ and $b$ for which $a+b|ab$, we can take coprime $a'$ and $b'$ and set $a = c(a' +b')a'$ and $b= c(a'+b')b'$ for some positive integer $c$. If we fix some $n=\frac{ab}{a+b}$ and substitute these expressions for $a$ and $b$, we arrive at $a'b'|n$. I'm now wondering whether we can show that there is a bijection between all ordered pairs of positive integers $(a,b)$ for which $\frac{ab}{a+b} = n$ for a certain positive integer $n$ and all ordered pairs of coprime positive integers $(a',b')$ for which $a'b'|n$. I was able to show that a function mapping such $(a,b) \mapsto (a',b')$ is surjective, but I don't know how to show that it is or isn't injective.

  • Relationship between the last columns of V1 and V2 in the Smith form decomposition of an integer matrix
    by sihao tao on April 26, 2025 at 3:57 am

    Let $A$ be an invertible matrix with integer coefficients. Suppose we have two decompositions of $A$ into its Smith form $S$: $U_1 A V_1=U_2 A V_2=S=\text{diag}\{1,\ldots,1,m\}$ where $S$ is the Smith form of $A$, $m>1$, and $U_1,U_2,V_1,V_2$ are unimodular matrices(i.e., matrices with integer coefficients and determinant $\pm1$. I have observed that for any $V_1$ and $V_2$ satisfying the above equation, their last columns, denoted as $a$ and $b$ respectively, satisfy the congruence: $k a\equiv b\pmod{m}$ where $k$ is an integer coprime to $m$. How can this be proven? Note: Please provide a detailed proof or a reference to a relevant theorem or paper that can help me understand this relationship.Thank you!


Surrey Mathematics Research Blog The blog on research in mathematics at the University of Surrey

  • Book edited by Philip Aston on UK success stories in industrial mathematics published by Springer
    by Tom Bridges on April 25, 2025 at 10:08 am

    The book “More UK Success Stories in Industrial Mathematics“, edited by Philip Aston, has been published by Springer (web page here). This is the second volume of a series based on mathematics REF impact case studies. The book contains 36 articles, each describing one of the REF2021 impact case studies that has been rewritten to

  • Vasileios Moustakis speaks at the SE Math-Phys Seminar at the University of Hertfordshire
    by Tom Bridges on April 24, 2025 at 10:40 am

    Vasileios Moustakis visited the University of Hertfordshire on Wednesday 16 April. He was an invited speaker at the 22nd meeting of the South East Mathematical Physics Seminar (link here). The title of his talk was “Boundary integrability in massless AdS3“, and an abstract can be found at the seminar webpage (link here). This series is

  • Jessica Furber passes PhD viva
    by Tom Bridges on April 15, 2025 at 1:47 pm

    Congratulations to Jessica Furber for passing her PhD viva! The viva took place on Tuesday 15 April. The title of Jessica’s thesis is “Mathematical Analysis of Fine-Scale Badger Movement Data“. The external examiner was Prof Yuliya Kyrychko (Sussex), and the internal examiner was Dr Joaquin Prada (Vet School, Surrey). Jessica’s supervisors were Dr Giovanni Lo Iacono & Prof Mark Chambers

  • Cesare Tronci promoted to Professor of Mathematics
    by Tom Bridges on April 14, 2025 at 4:27 pm

    Congratulations to Cesare Tronci who has been promoted to Professor of Mathematics by the University of Surrey. Further information about Cesare and his research can be found at his website (link here). The promotion took effect on 1st April 2025. The image below shows Cesare in action at the blackboard with a visiting PhD student (story here).

  • Stanisław Biber visits Bristol and gives a talk to the Engineering Mathematics Research Group
    by Tom Bridges on April 1, 2025 at 12:16 pm

    Stanisław Biber was invited to give a talk on his current research at the University of Bristol Engineering Mathematics Research Group Away Day. Stanisław used to be a member of the School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology in Bristol, and on this occasion, he was asked to present updates on his current project at the


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Mathematics – Wolfram Blog News, Views and Insights from Wolfram

  • What’s Up with Daylight Saving Time? A Brief History and Analysis with Wolfram Language
    by Nick Lariviere on March 5, 2025 at 5:12 pm

    In the next few days, most people in the United States, Canada, Cuba, Haiti and some parts of Mexico will be transitioning from “standard” (or winter) time to “daylight” (or summer) time. This semiannual tradition has been the source of desynchronized alarm clocks, missed appointments and headaches for parents trying to get kids to bed at the right time since 1908, but why exactly do we fiddle with the clocks two times a year?

  • A Whole New Ball Game: Game Theory in Wolfram Language 14.2
    by Marc Vicuna on February 25, 2025 at 6:17 pm

    Do you want to make optimal decisions against competition? Do you want to analyze competitive contexts and predict outcomes of competitive events? Do you need to elaborate strategies and plans against adversity and test the effectiveness of those strategies? Or are you simply an undergraduate student struggling to cope with a required course on game

  • Master the Basics of Laplace Transforms in Just 15 Lessons with Wolfram Language
    by Juan Ortiz on February 5, 2025 at 8:30 pm

    The Laplace transform provides effective and easy means for solving many problems that arise in the fields of science and engineering. It is one of the main tools available for solving differential equations. For most of us, the first time we see it is in an introductory differential equations course. Wolfram Language provides an ideal

  • Learn Complex Analysis Today with Wolfram Language
    by Marco Saragnese on October 15, 2024 at 3:44 pm

    Complex analysis is a versatile tool that is used extensively in science, engineering and other fields. It is also a beautiful topic in and of itself. Hence, a course in complex analysis is a standard part of the curriculum for physics and engineering students and a stepping stone for more advanced topics in mathematics. Wolfram

  • Hypergeometric Functions: From Euler to Appell and Beyond
    by Tigran Ishkhanyan on January 25, 2024 at 5:35 pm

    Hypergeometric series appeared in the mid-seventeenth century; since then, they have played an important role in the development of mathematical and physical theories. Most of the elementary and special functions are members of the large hypergeometric class. Hypergeometric functions have been a part of Wolfram Language since Version 1.0. The following plot shows the implementation

  • Get Down to Business with Finite Mathematics in Wolfram Language
    by John McNally on December 22, 2023 at 3:41 pm

    “There is every reason to expect that the various social sciences will serve as incentives for the development of great new branches of mathematics and that some day the theoretical social scientist will have to know more mathematics than the physicist needs to know today.” —John G. Kemeny, first author of the original textbook on

  • Don’t Be Discreet and Learn Discrete Mathematics with Wolfram Language
    by Marc Vicuna on November 29, 2023 at 6:00 pm

    “The spread of computers and the internet will put jobs in two categories. People who tell computers what to do, and people who are told by computers what to do.” — Marc Andreessen, inventor of the Netscape browser How is data organized in databases? Why are some computer programs faster than others? How can algorithms

  • Learn Multivariable Calculus through Incredible Visualizations with Wolfram Language
    by Tim McDevitt on November 6, 2023 at 3:57 pm

    Multivariable calculus extends calculus concepts to functions of several variables and is an essential tool for modeling and regression analysis in economics, engineering, data science and other fields. Learning multivariable calculus is also the first step toward advanced calculus and follows single-variable calculus courses. Wolfram Language provides world-class functionality for the computation and visualization of

  • Expand Your Understanding of Statistics with Wolfram Language
    by Jamie Peterson on June 6, 2023 at 4:27 pm

    Statistics is the mathematical discipline dealing with all stages of data analysis, from question design and data collection to analyzing and presenting results. It is an important field for analyzing and understanding data from scientific research and industry. Data-driven decisions are a critical part of modern business, allowing companies to use data and computational analyses


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